The Setup
I asked ChatGPT to write a short dialogue between bishop Berkeley and Schopenhauer, and this is what the AI wrote:
“Here’s a playful imagined dialogue between Bishop Berkeley (an idealist philosopher) and Arthur Schopenhauer (a pessimist and metaphysician known for his philosophy of the will):”
Berkeley: Ah, Schopenhauer! A pleasure to meet such a keen intellect. I trust you’ve come to appreciate that all reality exists solely in the mind. To be is to be perceived, after all. What need have we for material substance?
Schopenhauer: My dear Bishop, I admire your devotion to immaterialism, but I find it incomplete. The world is not just a collection of perceptions—it is driven by the blind, relentless will. Our suffering stems from this endless striving. Perception alone cannot account for the torment that permeates existence.
Berkeley: Suffering, you say? That seems an unnecessarily dreary view. All that is perceived is a reflection of divine harmony. If God’s mind sustains the world, then surely suffering must be an illusion or a means to a higher good.
Schopenhauer: Harmony? Higher good? Forgive me, but your optimism feels naive. Even if God perceives this world, the endless cycle of desires and frustrations suggests a cruel joke more than a benevolent design. The will to live drags us all into misery, regardless of divine oversight.
Berkeley: You mistake the shadow for the substance, my friend. If you would but focus on the spiritual rather than the transient, you would see that suffering is but a passing cloud in the eternal sunshine of the soul.
Schopenhauer: Sunshine? The soul, as you describe it, is merely the will itself—a force neither moral nor divine, but blind and indifferent. True liberation lies in denying this will, not embracing some imagined celestial warmth.
Berkeley: Deny the will? That strikes me as a denial of life itself. Rather than reject the will, should we not align it with God’s will? In Him, all contradictions find resolution.
Schopenhauer: And yet, Bishop, your God and perception only give you a way to justify suffering. If the world were truly divine, why does pain outweigh joy? Why does existence itself so often feel burdensome?
Berkeley: Perhaps the pain you describe is a call to transcendence, a reminder to seek the eternal rather than the temporal. You see futility where I see divine purpose.
Schopenhauer: And you see divine purpose where I see futility. Let us agree on this: the mind is powerful, whether perceiving your harmonious visions or confronting my grim reality. Beyond that, I suspect our paths diverge irreparably.
Berkeley: Indeed, we part ways. Yet I respect your search for truth, even if it leads you into darkness.
Schopenhauer: And I yours, though I cannot help but feel your light is but a flicker against the overwhelming void.
Berkeley: Let us leave it to posterity to judge whose vision endures.
Schopenhauer: A dubious consolation, but fair enough. Farewell, Bishop.
Berkeley: Farewell, Schopenhauer. May your will find peace.
The Tie I Promised: Primary and Secondary Qualities
Have you noticed that there are different approaches to solving real world problems like human suffering in its many forms (e.g., poverty, disease, man’s inhumanity to man)? One approach is hard-nosed practical; another approach is “academic” or “intellectual.” Both could be thought of as simultaneously optimistic and pessimistic, for both can lead a person into hope and despair.
How? Complicated a bit, this story goes back a long way, to the Greeks, in fact, and it has some relationship to the world as is and the world as perceived. It seems that more than a couple of thousand years ago we humans began asking ourselves whether or not “things” are real or manifestations of our minds. The answers we gave see-sawed between favoring real and favoring imagined. By the time John Locke (b. 1632) came along, the problem had become one of “primary” and “secondary” qualities. The former are embedded in the very nature of any “thing,” whereas the latter are embedded in our minds as a result of perceiving. Primary qualities exist without our observing them. You know, the refrigerator light isn’t on when the door is closed. A ball is spherical. A tree can fall in a forest in the absence of a human ear. Mountains were tall long before they were scaled, and extra solar planets exist. Primary qualities are “in” the “thing,” independent of observation. Primary qualities are so tied to things that without them the thing would not be what it is. Take sphericity from a ball and it no longer is a ball. In contrast, secondary qualities are tied to observation, and are therefore in the mind. They are usually listed as that which we sense: color and solidity, for example. A red ball isn’t red when we observe it under fading lighting conditions; in the dark a red ball isn’t red, but it still has its inherent nature or quality of being spherical.
In today’s highly political America, there’s a group of people who believe secondary qualities and primary qualities are equivalent. These are people mostly on the Far Left who make up a matrix of minds that believe mind or perception is all there is. Opposed to these people are those who believe primary qualities are more fundamental and “real” and don’t depend on perception, observation, or opinion. This can be translated into the contemporary American political spectrum.
Let’s Get Down to the Nitty-Gritty
In the Berkeley camp lie those idealists who believe committees and funded studies are effective means of solving problems. Problems or solutions exist more in mind than in and of themselves. Thus, the problem of mass migration into the United States over the past four years was thrown into the hands of Kamala Harris who flew to Central America to find the “root causes” of people leaving Guatemala, El Salvador, and—though it’s in South, and not Central, America— Venezuela. She came back and as history now records it, nothing changed. Well, that’s not quite true. In fact, the masses of migrants grew larger and included people from countries outside the Americas. Call her a Berkeleyite of the first order. Ethereal, even. Perception of healing prevailing over nagging paper-cut-hang-nail reality. Things were bad, and the Berkeley approach made them worse. Nothing in the supposed ideal lessened the detrimental effect of that which most Americans perceived as real, such as the death of Laken Riley.
As ChatGPT writes above, “And yet, Bishop, your God and perception only give you a way to justify suffering.” Just remember that Harris and Mayorkas, another Berkeleyite, said the border was secure. Saying, they seem to believe, makes it so in the tradition of John Milton’s Satan who argued “the mind can make a Heaven of Hell.” They repeated the “closed, secure border” statement to the delight of a sycophantic Press and party members as 10 million or more crossed the border and moved throughout the country on your dime. They said the border was secure as fentanyl deaths mounted, illegal alien criminal activity disrupted lives, and citizens died. Relying on their unrealistic perceptions, they said that the people crossing the border were running from persecution and climate change and not toward a land of free stuff.
There’s the famous refutation of Berkeley delivered by Dr. Samuel Johnson that applies here. When Boswell asked how one could refute Berkeley, Johnson kicked a stone with force, saying, “I refute him thus.” Yeah. A stone in Berkeley’s world would not have obeyed Newton’s third law of action-reaction. Johnson was supposedly knocked backward by his own kick. Biden, Harris, and crew didn’t go to the border to “kick any stones”; they didn’t go to bump into the thousands per day crossing into the country. They didn’t reach into their own pockets to pay for the flights carrying immigrants free of charge into cities around the country.
I have to acknowledge, however, that there lies some confusion in Bishop Berkeley’s thinking about perception and reality. He did say that we can voluntarily acquire sensations—and thus ideas—but that some sensations were presented by an external force. It’s tough for an idealist to remain consistent before the press of inexorable physical phenomena. But the Left during the Biden administration probably egged on by the Trump derangement syndrome that spread like COVID during the previous administration, decided that ideal immigration was real. That enabled the Left to justify the rush to the southern border while ignoring the abuses of women and children migrants and the suffering of American citizens subjected to illegal alien criminal activity. It also provided a justification for spending tax dollars on noncitizens because a Leftist Congress believes tax money is theirs to spend without followup oversight or correction.
The origins and evolution of modern liberalism are complex, so much so that even long term liberals probably don’t see in their past a foreshadowing of their present. I believe some of the influences go back to Berkeley. His philosophy sets the stage for so much in our common understanding of the world: The equivalence of ideal and real, a Matrix, Other Worlds, art as truth, boys in women’s locker rooms and on women’s teams, and gender fluidity. With regard to boys in girls’ sports, for example, the Left’s idealists believe that differences exist only in the mind. If a naked boy in a girls’ high school locker room is a problem, it’s just a matter of educating the girls (or “reprogramming them”).
Of course, giving Schopenhauer a voice in the dialogue above opens me up for criticism. Are you suggesting that a pervasive pessimism is better, Donald? Are you saying that there’s nothing to the mind?
No, I’m not, but I lie more closely aligned with people for whom Newton’s third law IS reality, people who send rockets to the moon and who do not equivocate on evil that produces suffering. I stand more closely aligned with those who see the reality of two sexes with primary qualities that do not change with observation or opinion.
I also recognize that the world isn’t purely material. If it were, you would not be reading my thoughts in these linguistic symbols and extrapolating further meaning that although unwritten, would bind our minds. I don’t deny mind (Impossible, of course, for if I say “I don’t have a mind,” the very saying contradicts me). I also acknowledge that some “secondary qualities” are an important part of American life, such as “living the American dream.”
I believe that the deep-seated Berkeleyism in western thought has led to Lefty meltdowns over the Trump election, evidenced by videos made by liberals who say they would not attend Thanksgiving meals with family who voted for Trump. Thus, the reality of family ties becomes victim to differences of opinion, differences in political views. “You voted for Trump? Not going to your house this year, maybe never again. Anyway, I’m moving out of the country.” Secondary qualities seem to be most important in many Leftists, maybe the same people who favor boys in girls’ locker rooms.
Bizarre Kamala Harris
In a recent post-election video, Kamala Harris embedded herself thoroughly in Berkeleyism. She mentioned the 1.4 billion dollars that donors gave and asked them not to give up the fight she waged. Some think she intends to run for California governor. ONE POINT FOUR BILLION DOLLARS. Like so much wasted tax money spent without accountability, those political donations simply disappeared. She paid hundreds of thousands to have her picture on the Las Vegas sphere. A million bucks went to Oprah’s production company for a “softball interview” in front of an audience already convinced Harris was their candidate of choice. Actors and singers got money. All 1.4 billion bucks backing perceptions not rooted in Schopenhauer-Johnson reality where solids are solids and illegal migration problems are real problems and not just perceptions.
Liberals have no one to blame if their ideals resulted in failures. There were just too many people out there who understood the difference between idealism and realism. But you can make a sure bet that in several years all those ideals will rise again, first through demonization of Trump and then through the same old PARTY OF THE PEOPLE mantra, party of the working class, party of the poor opposed to the party of the rich. (Would those rich be the Hollywood elites who backed Harris?)
Time, Space, and Causality
Schopenhauer had his own problems defining mind in the context of his notion of “will.” Almost like the Force in Star Wars, “Will” manifests itself in the world. And tied to Will are three a priori properties we use to interpret the world: Time, Space, and Causality. Yes, like a computer your mind comes preloaded with certain software, as Schopenhauer might say if he were around today.
Well, maybe yours is preloaded. There’s something about a Liberal mind that seems to lack the third a priori property, causality. Liberals cannot acknowledge mistakes it seems, and rampant illegal migration is one of those mistakes they caused. Cause and effect with respect to civil problems are meaningful only in Liberal discussions, in committees, in academia. Sanctuary cities? Derived, one might assume, from compassion, these refuges have displaced their own citizens. And they have taken local resources from those who provided them out of civil obligation (taxes).
The optimism that Liberal idealism breeds soon turns people into pessimists, as it seems to have done over the past four years. But the process of optimism-turned-pessimism can be applied throughout the bloated US government. The Department of Education, the Energy Department, NIH, and even the Environmental Protection Agency have gone rogue on their initial ideal missions. When realists try to point to harms caused by these bureaus with renewable funding that escalates yearly, the Left balks at action. And why? It seems to separate causes and effects on the bases of ideals. “What could be nobler,” the Left asks, “than the education of our children and the saving of the environment?”
Time, space, and causality are real, aren’t they? Won’t unfettered spending year after year have a detrimental effect eventually? How did America get Into debt so great that the interest on the $34 trillion debt now costs the country a trillion bucks per year? Idealism is the simple answer. That is, spending on ideals, such as climate control and, as mentioned above, transporting, housing, feeding, educating, and feeding anyone who crosses the border.
There’s More to This
As usual, I’m throwing this out for your consideration. Some of which I just wrote I can fault as being elliptical; some, as being too one-sided. But my purpose is to have you think and to provide a springboard for your dive into the great pool of ideas. To lengthen that springboard, I’ll suggest the following for you to contemplate: 1) The liberal penchant for taking pseudoscience for real science, namely to take as truth models that have been demonstrably wrong in political predictions (2016 and 2024 presidential polls: “She’s going to win in a landslide”) and climate “science” (more and more severe hurricanes, coral death, seas inundating the land, droughts that occur —as they have occurred throughout human times and before humans) and 2) The liberal willingness to sacrifice economy for some perceived greater cause (funding migrant shelters in spaces formerly used by citizens in NYC), buying expensive, short-range EVs that depend ultimately on fossil fuels and that contain pollutants, require foreign resources of components, and that have expensive repairs, and finally the shutting down of fossil fuel energy plants.
Not to short those who object to this, I’ll note that in Schopenhauer-like materialism there’s a penchant to run toward pseudoscience in the other direction, say, for example, that we can exploit resources without caring for the environment and ecosystems, to bar anyone who seems to be materially different from entering an organization or the country, that psychotherapy is useless in a material world, and that we can find irrefutable physical evidence for space aliens.